Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. The authors confirm that the data and materials used in this study are included in the paper. In China, sexual intercourse is the most frequent route of HIV-1 transmission.
However, few studies have analyzed PDR and transmission networks in detail among individuals in China with acute HIV-1 infection and their sexual contacts. Transmission networks were visualized using Cytoscape with a threshold genetic distance of 0. A total of 47 pol gene sequences were used to generate 10 molecular transmission networks. The overall prevalence of PDR was 7. Of three transmission networks for PDR, two were closely associated with Beijing and Tianjin, while another was restricted to sequences determined in this study.
This suggests that early detection, diagnosis, surveillance, and treatment are critical to effectively control HIV-1 spread. Over the past four decades, HIV control efforts have been very successful.
The number of new HIV infections declined from 2. Moreover, 1. From its development in until the end of , Pre-treatment drug resistance PDR is of special concern.
The prevalence of PDR has reached higher levels in some areas: Hebei, with an area of , km 2 , is a province in North China that surrounds Tianjin and Beijing. Hebei is an inevitable route for travel into Beijing and Tianjin. HIV-1 infections in Baoding and Shijiazhuang accounted for However, few studies have analyzed PDR and transmission networks in detail among individuals with acute HIV-1 infection and their sexual contacts in Baoding.
